Periodontal disease, commonly referred to as gum disease, is a serious dental condition that affects the gum tissue and bones that support the teeth. It is caused by a buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth, which leads to inflammation of the gums. Without proper treatment, gum disease can cause tooth loss and other serious health problems.
In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about periodontal disease, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Causes of Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria in plaque, which is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. When plaque is not removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional.
The bacteria in plaque and tartar can cause inflammation and infection of the gum tissue, leading to periodontal disease. Other risk factors for gum disease include smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes in women, certain medications, and genetics.
Symptoms of Periodontal Disease
The symptoms of periodontal disease can vary depending on the severity of the condition. In its early stages, gum disease may cause mild symptoms such as redness and swelling of the gums, bleeding when brushing or flossing, and bad breath.
As the disease progresses, it can cause more severe symptoms such as receding gums, tooth sensitivity, loose teeth, and changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite down.
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
The treatment options for periodontal disease depend on the severity of the condition. In its early stages, gum disease can often be treated with a thorough cleaning and improved oral hygiene habits.
For more advanced cases of periodontal disease, treatment may involve scaling and root planing, a procedure in which the dentist removes plaque and tartar from below the gumline and smooths the roots of the teeth to help the gums reattach.
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat periodontal disease. This may involve flap surgery, in which the gum tissue is lifted to remove the bacteria and tartar, or bone and tissue grafts to regenerate bone and gum tissue that has been lost due to the disease.
Prevention of Periodontal Disease
The best way to prevent periodontal disease is to practice good oral hygiene habits. This includes brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing daily, and visiting your dentist regularly for cleanings and checkups.
Other steps you can take to prevent gum disease include quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, and managing chronic conditions such as diabetes that can increase your risk of developing the disease.
In summary, periodontal disease is a serious dental condition that can cause tooth loss and other health problems if left untreated. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for gum disease, you can take steps to prevent and treat this common condition. Be sure to talk to your dentist if you have any concerns about the health of your gums and teeth.